Lo lus "hnyav hlau" tshwm sim tas li thoob plaws kev tsim khoom, kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig, thiab cov khoom siv engineering, tab sis tsis muaj ib daim ntawv teev npe thoob ntiaj teb ntawm 23 hnyav hlau. Hauv feem ntau ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev tswj hwm cov ntsiab lus, cov hlau hnyav tau txhais tias yog cov khoom siv hlau nrog qhov ntom ntawm kwv yees li.5 grams ib cubic centimeter (g / cm³) los yog siab dua, thiab pawg no suav nrog kwv yees li ob lub kaum os kev lag luam thiab ib puag ncig tseem ceeb. Rau cov kws tsim khoom, pawg neeg yuav khoom, thiab cov kws tshaj lij fab kev tsim hlau, kev nkag siab tag nrho ntawm cov hlau hnyav - thiab lawv qhov tiag -lub ntiaj teb siv - yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv cov khoom raug, kev ua raws cai, thiab kev tsim khoom nyab xeeb.
Hauv qab no yog qhov ua tau zoo, kev lag luam- tsom rau cov npe ntawm 23 cov hlau hnyav, pab pawg los ntawm lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tsim khoom niaj hnub. Peb npog lub hauv paus kev lag luam hlau, cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig, cov hlau tshwj xeeb refractory, thiab tswj cov tshuaj lom neeg, piav qhia lawv cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab kev siv, thiab tshawb xyuas seb cov hlau hnyav li cas siv hauvprecision hlau stampingthiabsheet hlau fabrication.
Lub 23 Hnyav Hlau: Tag Nrho Cov Npe & Kev Siv Khoom Siv
Tag nrho cov hlau hauv qab no ua tau raws li tus qauv qhov ceev ntawm ~ 5 g / cm³ thiab raug lees paub tias yog cov hlau hnyav hauv kev lag luam, tshuaj, thiab kev tswj hwm. Lawv yog pawg los ntawm lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam.
1. Base Industrial Heavy Metals (7 Hlau)
Cov no yog lub siab tshaj plaws - ntim, feem ntau ntawm kev lag luam tseem ceeb hnyav hlau. Lawv tsim cov caj qaum ntawm kev tsim kho niaj hnub, hluav taws xob, thiab kev lag luam hnyav.
1.Iron (Fe) – 7.87 g/cm³
- Cov hlau hnyav tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb los ntawm cov npoo loj heev. Tsis tshua muaj siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntshiab; alloyed nrog carbon los ua hlau, lub ntiaj teb thawj cov khoom siv. Siv nyob rau hauv txhua qhov chaw loj los ntawm kev tsim kho thiab tsheb mus rau cov khoom siv tuav.
2. Tooj (Cu) – 8.96 g/cm³
- Prize rau unmatched hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity thiab zoo heev txias formability. Cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev xaim, busbars,PCB terminals, thiab precision - stamped electronic Cheebtsam. Ib qho ntawm cov hlau tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev lag luam stamping thoob ntiaj teb.
3.Zinc (Zn) - 7.14 g / cm³
- Qhov zoo tshaj plaws hu ua corrosion{0}} tiv thaiv txheej rau hlau (galvanizing). Kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov zinc ntau lawm mus rau kev tiv thaiv hlau los ntawm xeb. Kuj tseem siv dav hauv kev tuag- nrum hardware thiab tooj dag alloy ntau lawm.
4.Nickel (Ni) - 8.91 g / cm³
- Ib qho tawv, corrosion- tiv taus hnyav hlau siv feem ntau ua cov khoom siv alloying. Cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv stainless hlau thiab siab -kub superalloys. Ntxiv durability thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov khoom lag luam.
5.Chromium (Cr) – 7.19 g/cm³
- Lub ntsiab alloying ntsiab uas muab stainless hlau nws corrosion kuj. Kuj tseem siv los kho kom zoo nkauj thiab ua haujlwm electroplating thiab hnav- cov coatings resistant. Lub hardest ntshiab elemental hlau.
6.Tin (Sn) – 7.31 g/cm³
- Ib qho mos, qis- melting hnyav hlau. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv txheej rau tinplate ntim khoom noj. Tsis tas li ntawd yog ib qho tseem ceeb alloying caij nyob rau hauv bronze thiab bearing hlau.
7.Lead (Pb) – 11.34 g/cm³
- Ib tug heev ntom, mos hnyav hlau. Keeb kwm siv thoob plaws kaum ob ntawm kev lag luam; niaj hnub no nws txoj kev siv tseem ceeb yog cov hmoov lead- cov roj teeb kua qaub thiab cov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, raws li kev tswj hwm nruj.
2. Precious Heavy Metals (8 Hlau)
These dense, rare heavy metals carry high economic value and offer exceptional chemical stability and conductivity.
8.Gold (Au) – 19.32 g/cm³
- Ib qho ntawm cov hlau ntom ntom. Chemically inert, high conductive, thiab siv rau siab -kev ntseeg tau hluav taws xob tiv tauj, kho mob implants, thiab aerospace Cheebtsam.
9.Platinum (Pt) – 21.45 g/cm³
- An extremely dense, corrosion-resistant heavy metal. Nws qhov loj tshaj plaws kev lag luam siv yog automotive catalytic converters; nws kuj yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv kuaj thiab cov cuab yeej kho mob.
10.Silver (Ag) – 10.49 g/cm³
- Nws muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity ntawm txhua yam hlau. Siv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab qib siab -kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob plating.
11.Palladium (Pd) – 12.02 g/cm³
- Platinum- pab pawg hlau siv feem ntau hauv catalytic converters, electronics plating, thiab hydrogen purification systems.
12.Rhodium (Rh) – 12.41 g/cm³
- Ib qho ntawm cov khoom hnyav tshaj plaws thiab kim tshaj plaws. Siv rau lub tsheb catalyst coatings thiab siab -reflectivity hluav taws xob tiv tauj.
13.Ruthenium (Ru) – 12.37 g/cm³
- Ib qho nyuaj, nkig platinum- pab pawg hlau. Feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom siv alloying ntxiv kom ntxiv dag zog rau platinum thiab palladium rau kev siv hluav taws xob thiab tshuaj lom neeg.
14.Iridium (Ir) – 22.56 g/cm³
- Qhov thib ob -densest ib txwm tshwm sim hlau. Kev xeb heev heev- tiv taus txawm tias kub heev. Siv rau lub txim plug electrodes thiab semiconductor siv lead ua loj hlob crucibles.
15.Osmium (Os) – 22.59 g/cm³
- Lub densest ib txwm tshwm sim ntawm cov hlau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb. Ib qho nyuaj, nkig platinum- pab pawg hlau siv rau ultra- siab- hnav hluav taws xob tiv tauj thiab ntsuas ntsuas qhov tseeb.
3. Refractory & Tshwj xeeb Heavy Metals (5 Hlau)
Cov no ultra-siab- melting hnyav hlau yog siv nyob rau hauv huab- kub thiab tshwj xeeb muaj kev siv.
16.Tungsten (W) – 19.25 g/cm³
- Cov hlau hnyav tshaj plaws uas muaj hlau, nrog rau qhov siab tshaj plaws melting point ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus (3,422 degree). Siv rau counterweights, txiav cov cuab yeej, hluav taws xob shielding, thiab hnav qhov chaw.
17. Tantalum (Ta) – 16.65 g/cm³
- A dense, highly corrosion-resistant refractory metal. Cov khoom tseem ceeb rau siab - muaj peev xwm capacitors hauv smartphones, automotive electronics, thiab kho mob cog.
18.Molybdenum (Mo) – 10.28 g/cm³
- Lub siab- kub refractory hlau siv feem ntau yog cov khoom siv alloying hauv siab- lub zog steels thiab superalloys. Txhim kho cua sov ua haujlwm thiab hardness hauv cov qauv alloys.
19.Rhenium (Re) – 21.02 g/cm³
- Ib qho ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj ruaj khov. Ntxiv rau superalloys rau dav hlau cav turbine hniav thiab siv raws li ib tug catalyst nyob rau hauv roj refining.
20.Vanadium (V) – 6.0 g/cm³
- Siv yuav luag tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom alloying hauv steel. Ua kom muaj zog, tawv, thiab hnav tsis kam hauv HSLA steels thiab siab -cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm zoo.
4. Regulated Toxic Heavy Metals (3 Hlau)
Cov hlau hnyav no yog cov tshuaj lom thiab nruj tswj hwm los ntawm thoob ntiaj teb ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb kev ua haujlwm. Lawv muaj tsawg heev raug cai siv industrial siv.
21.Mercury (Hg) – 13.53 g/cm³
- Tsuas yog cov kua hlau ntawm chav tsev kub. Muaj zog neurotoxin. Kev siv lag luam tau poob qis heev raws li Minamata Convention; Cov kev siv ntxiv suav nrog kev tsim tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb.
22.Cadmium (Cd) – 8.65 g/cm³
- Cov hlau hnyav hnyav heev uas ua rau lub raum puas thiab raug cais raws li carcinogenic. Keeb kwm siv hauv roj teeb thiab plating; tam sim no txwv hnyav heev.
23.Arsenic (As) – 5.73 g/cm³
- Technically ib metalloid es tsis yog ib tug tiag tiag hlau, tab sis universally grouped nrog hnyav hlau nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thiab ib puag ncig kev cai. Lub npe hu ua carcinogen nrog kev siv niaj hnub no tsawg heev.
Heavy Metals hauv Industrial Hlau Stamping & Fabrication
Hauv kev tsim tiag tiag - ntiaj teb kev tsim khoom, qee qhov feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov hlau hnyav hnyav. Hloov chaw, cov hlau hnyav xa ze li ntawm tag nrho lawv cov txiaj ntsig zoo lialloying ntsiabuas txhim khu kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv paus.
Qhov no yog qhov uas 23 hnyav hlau tsim cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws.
- Cov qauv thiab thauj khoom -cov kabmobcia siab rau cov hlau alloyed nrog carbon, chromium, molybdenum, thiab vanadium los tsim cov hlau siab - zog.
- Corrosion-cov khoom tiv thaivsiv hlau alloyed nrog chromium thiab nickel los ua stainless hlau.
- Hluav taws xob terminals thiab connectorsyog stamped los ntawm tooj liab alloyed nrog tin, zinc, los yog nickel kom sib npaug conductivity nrog txhua yam muaj zog thiab hnav tsis kam.
NtawmJoyear Hlau ua haujlwm, peb ua hauj lwm nrog hnyav hlau alloys txhua hnub nyob rau hauv peb cov khoom tag nrho:
- Pebtooj liab alloy precision stamping qhov chaw - suav nrog PCB welding terminals thiab txiv neej lub tiaj tus connectors - leverage tooj liab conductivity zoo heev thiab formability rau siab - ntim electronics thiab hluav taws xob daim ntawv thov.
- Peb72 nti stainless hlau piano hingesthiab ntev hlau hinges yog precision- tsim los ntawm stainless hlau alloys, siv cov corrosion-resistant zog ntawm chromium thiab npib tsib xee hnyav hlau rau kev ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv hnyav industrial puag ncig.
- Peb lub luag haujlwm hnyav - forklift forks thiab cov khoom siv tuav cov khoom txuas yog tsim los ntawm siab -lub zog alloy steels uas muaj chromium, molybdenum, thiab lwm yam hnyav hlau alloying ntsiab, engineered kom tau raws li los yog ntau tshaj.ISO 2330 Kev Tswj XyuasthiabANSI/ITSDF B56.11.4cov qauv kev nyab xeeb thoob ntiaj teb.
- Pebtsab ntawv hlau stampingkev pabcuam txhawb kev tsim kho sai sai thoob plaws txhua qib hnyav hlau alloy.
Txhawm rau tshawb xyuas peb lub peev xwm stamping thiab fabrication, mus saib Joyear Metalwork.
Cov Lus Qhia Tsis Txaus Siab Txog 23 Hnyav Hlau
Kev sib tham pej xeem ntawm cov hlau hnyav feem ntau yog los ntawm kev txhawj xeeb ntawm ib puag ncig, ua rau muaj kev nkag siab tsis txaus.
Kev ntseeg yuam kev 1: Tag nrho 23 cov hlau hnyav yog tshuaj lom.
- cuav. Ntau cov hlau hnyav - suav nrog hlau, tooj liab, zinc, thiab trivalent chromium - yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom noj uas xav tau rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv. Toxicity nyob ntawm daim ntawv tshuaj lom neeg, koob tshuaj, thiab txoj kev raug.
Kev ntseeg yuam kev 2: Cov khoom uas muaj cov hlau hnyav tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb.
- Thaum cov hlau hnyav raug khi rau hauv cov khoom siv hlau matrix, lawv muaj kev lom zem thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev siv ib txwm. Stainless hlau cookware, tooj liab kav dej, thiab steel siv beams tag nrho cov hnyav hlau thiab yog universally lees paub tias muaj kev nyab xeeb. Cov phom sij cuam tshuam nrog cov plua plav, pa taws, thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw ua ke - tsis yog cov khoom tiav lawm.
Misconception 3: Cov hlau hnyav yog txhua yam tsis tshua muaj thiab kim.
- Tsis yog kiag li. Hlau thiab hlau yog cov khoom tsim, feem ntau pheej yig hlau nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Tooj, zinc, thiab tin yog tag nrho cov nqi qis - cov khoom siv khoom lag luam. Tsuas yog cov khoom muaj nqi thiab tshwj xeeb refractory hlau nqa cov nqi siab.
Kev ntseeg yuam kev 4: Cov hlau hnyav dua ib txwm muaj zog dua.
- Qhov ntom thiab lub zog yog cov khoom ywj pheej. Lead yog ntau denser dua steel tab sis deb softer thiab weaker. Titanium yog lub teeb heev tab sis muaj lub zog zoo heev - rau - qhov hnyav piv.
Lub luag haujlwm Heavy Metal Manufacturing
Ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv hlau hnyav yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas ib puag ncig. Cov tuam txhab muaj lub luag haujlwm ua haujlwm raug kaw- lub voj voog cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, kho tag nrho cov txheej txheem dej khib nyiab ua ntej tso tawm, thiab tuav tswj kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig.
Ntawm Joyear, txhua qhov kev tsim khoom ua haujlwm raws li pebISO 14001: 2004 certified Environmental Management System. Peb rov ua dua 100% ntawm peb cov hlau ntau lawm, kho tag nrho cov txheej txheem dej kom tshem tawm cov hlau yaj, thiab tswj cov khoom siv tag nrho ntawm txhua qhov kev txiav txim. Qhov no ua kom cov khoom siv hlau hnyav raug tsim muaj kev nyab xeeb, muaj lub luag haujlwm, thiab ua raws li kev cai thoob ntiaj teb ib puag ncig.
Cov lus nug nquag
Q: 23 cov hlau hnyav yog dab tsi?
- A: Cov npe ntawm cov khoom siv dav dav tshaj plaws ntawm 23 cov hlau hnyav suav nrog hlau, tooj liab, zinc, npib tsib xee, chromium, tin, lead, kub, platinum, nyiaj, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, osmium, tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, rhenium, vanyardium, cadium thiab caffeine. hnyav metalloid).
Q: Puas muaj daim ntawv teev npe 23 hnyav hlau?
- A: Tsis muaj ib daim ntawv teev npe thoob ntiaj teb raws nraim 23 cov hlau hnyav. Tus lej los ntawm kev suav cov khoom lag luam thiab ib puag ncig tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau uas ua tau raws li ~ 5 g / cm³ density pib. Cov kev cai sib txawv tuaj yeem suav nrog cov ntsiab lus sib txawv me ntsis.
Q: Puas yog stainless hlau suav tias yog cov khoom siv hlau hnyav?
- A: Yog. Stainless hlau feem ntau yog hlau - hnyav hlau - alloyed nrog chromium thiab npib tsib xee, ob qho tib si kuj yog cov hlau hnyav. Cov khoom tiav stainless hlau yog inert thiab nyab xeeb rau kev siv ib txwm.
Q: Puas yog stamped hnyav hlau qhov tshuaj lom?
- A: Tsis yog. Cov khoom ua tiav tiav ua los ntawm cov hlau, stainless hlau, tooj liab, thiab tooj dag yog cov khoom ruaj khov, tsis muaj zog, thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb. Hnyav hlau kev noj qab haus huv txaus ntshai yog txuam nrog cov hmoov av ntau lawm, fumes, thiab soluble chemical compounds, uas yog nruj me ntsis tswj los ntawm lub luag hauj lwm manufacturers.
Q: Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau hnyav tshaj plaws rau kev lag luam?
- A: Los ntawm cov khoom ntim thiab kev cuam tshuam nyiaj txiag, cov hlau hnyav tshaj plaws yog hlau (steel), tooj liab, thiab zinc. Peb qhov no tsim lub hauv paus ntawm kev tsim khoom niaj hnub, kev tsim kho, thiab khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Kev xav zaum kawg
Cov 23 hnyav hlau sawv cev rau ntau tsev neeg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xws li los ntawm cov qauv hlau feem ntau mus rau cov hlau tsis tshua muaj nqi, los ntawm cov zaub mov tseem ceeb rau cov khoom muaj kuab lom heev. Qhov sib koom ua ke lawv txhua tus yog lawv qhov ntom - thiab lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhawb nqa kev vam meej niaj hnub no.
Rau cov neeg siv khoom lag luam thiab cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam, qhov ua tau zoo yog qhov tseeb: cov hlau hnyav tsis yog ib yam uas yuav ntshai hauv cov khoom tiav. Thaum ua tau zoo alloyed thiab lub luag hauj lwm tsim, lawv yog cov muaj kev ruaj ntseg, ruaj, siab - cov ntaub ntawv ua tau zoo uas ua rau peb cov khoom, electronics, thiab infrastructure ua tau. Ua hauj lwm nrog ISO-cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj hlau fabrication tus khub xyuas kom koj cov khoom hnyav hlau alloy raug tsim kom zoo tshaj plaws, kev nyab xeeb, thiab ib puag ncig cov qauv.
